Alt. symbols: AILIM | CD278

Approved name: inducible T cell costimulator
Alt. names: inducible T-cell costimulator | activation-inducible lymphocyte immunomediatory molecule

Location: 2q33.2: 203936763 - 203961577 (+)
Gene type: protein_coding, 2 transcripts.

Scores: LoFtool: 0.428000 | pLI: 0.05200923 | LOEUF: 0.905

HGNC: 5351

NCBI: 29851, RefSeq: NG_011586.1

Ensembl: ENSG00000163600.13

LRG_65 | Status: public

OMIM: 604558

Expression | ProteinAtlas

Gene Ontology (GO)

• Molecular function:
• Cell component:
• Biological process: T cell costimulation [GO:0031295]; cell-cell adhesion [GO:0098609]; T cell tolerance induction [GO:0002517]

Normal function

ICOS encodes the inducible T-cell costimulator protein, a receptor found on the surface of T cells. ICOS plays an important role in the production of both type 1 and type 2 cytokines by recently activated T cells. The corresponding ligand is encoded by the ICOSLG gene. The T cell-specific cell surface receptors CD28 and CTLA4 are important regulators of the immune system. CD28 potently enhances T-cell functions necessary for an effective antigen-specific immune response, and CTLA4 counterbalances the CD28-mediated signals and thus prevents an otherwise overstimulation of the lymphoid system with possible consequent autoimmunity (Hutloff et al., 1999).

Dysfunction and disease

Biallelic loss-of-function mutations in ICOS cause a type of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) known as CVID1 [MIM:607594] [Load More]